Surface Integral
∯
Type it
| Unicode | U+222F | |
|---|---|---|
| LaTeX | \oiint | |
| HTML entity | ∯ | |
| Character | ∯ |
Meaning
Integrates over a closed surface, such as the boundary of a solid. It is used for the flux of a field out of a region, as in the divergence theorem. In LaTeX, \oiint needs a package such as esint. Compare with Contour Integral and Double Integral.
How to read it
∯ F ⋅ dS
is read “the closed surface integral of F dot d S”.